Analysis of the meaning of "qaswara" in the verse "Farrat min qaswara", in Persian and Latin translations based on historical and genealogical study

Document Type : مقالات علمی پژوهشی

Authors
M. hemati
V. keshavarzi
University of Holy Quran Sciences and Education
Abstract
The word " Qaswara " ((قَسْوَرَه in the verse "Farrat men Qaswara "(فَرَّتْ مِنْ قَسْوَرَهٍ ) is one of the words that the translators, especially the Persian translators, have not translated in the same way. Unlike the Persian translations, the Latin translators have translated the word in almost the same way, but it is often accompanied by a question mark and sometimes an exclamation, which indicates the translator's doubt about the meaning of the word. In addition to the translators, commentators have also expressed different views on the meaning of this word, so that more than seven meanings for this word have been mentioned in the interpretations. There are many narrations in Shia and Sunni commentary sources regarding the meaning of Qaswara. Therefore, the commentators have chosen a separate interpretation for themselves based on the hadiths. This research has been done with a historical and linguistic approach and with a descriptive-analytical method, with the aim of finding the causes and origins of the difference in the meanings of this word in the process of time and presenting a meaning that is close to correct. Examining the sources of the word and the historical course of the interpretations and the analysis of the traditions carrying the meanings of this word show that both the lexicographers and the commentators do not have a definite opinion on the meaning of the word and over time some meanings prevailed over others and were gradually established and later it crystallized in the translations. The study of the genealogy of the word in the Semitic and Syriac languages shows that this word in this language means a weak donkey, which can be used in the semantics of "Qaswara".

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Persian translations of the Quran: Khosravi, Mojtaba, Meshkini, Nobari, Kashfah al-Asrar, 10th century.
English translations of the Qur'an: Arberi, Irving, Shakir, Pictal, Qarai, Saffarzadeh, Muhammad and Samira, Progressive Muslims and Yusuf Ali
French translations of the Quran: Mason, Fakhri, Hamidullah.
German translations of the Quran: Rudi Part, Al-Azhar, Ahmadiyya, Zidane, Muhammad.
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Quranic and Hadith Researches of Modares
Volume 9, Issue 17
September 2022
Pages 243-268